Design

• • Engineered the overall system architecture by evaluating the requirements for active filters, operational amplifiers, and power amplification stages.

  • Drafted a comprehensive circuit schematic for the multi-stage audio processing system.

  • Calculated precise resistor and capacitor values to achieve targeted cutoff frequencies and the desired gain for each component.

Initial Testing

• Constructed active low-pass, band-pass, and high-pass filters to successfully isolate distinct frequency groups.

• Conducted Frequency Response Analysis (FRA) on individual filter stages to validate theoretical gain and cutoff values.

• Integrated potentiometers into the operational amplifier circuits to enable dynamic, user-adjustable gain for each frequency band.

• Validated op-amp performance by injecting 10 Hz, 100 Hz, and 10 kHz test waveforms, verifying expected minimum and maximum voltage outputs.

• Built and tested the final power amplifier stage using the previously calculated component values.

Final Assembly & Testing

• Integrated all subsystem circuits into a complete, unified breadboard assembly.

• Interfaced a digital audio source with the circuit utilizing a custom 3.5mm audio-jack to breadboard adapter.

• Connected the final amplified output stage directly to a passive speaker system.

• Conducted real-world functional testing using standard audio tracks, successfully demonstrating dynamic frequency isolation, gain adjustment, and overall system functionality.